Phase-Shifted Bell States and Potential Implications in the understanding of ‘Spooky action at a Distance’

Abstract

This paper conveys briefly and concisely what could be the implications of the Einstein-Bohr debate when we consider the results of Phase-Shifted EPR-Bell states from a study conducted in Maarten Hoogerland’s Lab in the Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonics and Quantum Technologies, University of Auckland, New Zealand (2018-2024). The results of this study were presented at the first Biological Physics and Meaning Mini Conference on ‘QUANTUM MECHANICS, THE MEASUREMENT PROBLEM AND HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS’ (Feb. 2024). Here, I also examine the nature of correlated pairs of photons produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC) Type II, when the photon of one path is altered with a Quarter Wave Plate (QWP), shifting the polarization from linear to elliptical or circular. As stated in the above-mentioned study, surprisingly, some of these Phase Shifted Bell states (correlated pairs) produce no violation of the Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH) inequality, raising yet again a question mark on the meaning of ‘entanglement’ when understood as ‘spooky action at a distance’, in the context of the formalism of Quantum Mechanics and the different associated interpretations. If ‘spooky action at a distance’ is ruled out from physical systems and we consider new more general stochastic laws, then we open the way for a more interesting future physics on the side of Einstein and realism that, under some regimes, may manifest as nonlocality in terms of information structures. Perhaps, religious, spiritual and mystical experience (RSME) may have a place in physics and the sciences in general, as experienced information and meaning within physical restrictions in a classically consciously experienced lived life in spacetime.